James Bain White¹

Parents:

• Birth*: James Bain White was born on 28 February 1865 at Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, .^1,3
• He was the son of John White and Janet Bain.²
• Marriage*: James Bain White married Christina Sime, daughter of Thomas Sime and Catherine Whitelaw, on Thursday, 30 December 1897 at Mathers Hotel, Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, ; 1898 marriages in the district of St Clement in the burgh of Dundee, ref 4; 1897 on the thirtieth day of December at Mathers Hotel Dundee after publication of Banns according to the forms of the Congregational Church; signed Jas Bain White letterpress printer master bachelor, aged 32, 87 Lochee Road Dundee, parents John White machine fitter and Janet White ms Bain; signed Christina Sime spinster, aged 28, Sidlaw Villa Clepington Road Dundee, parents Thomas Sime mill manager and Catherine Sime ms Whitelaw; signed Thomas Templeton minister of Russell Chapel Dundee; signed Mary Bain White witness, John Sime witness; registered 1898 January 3 at Dundee John McWhinney assit registrar DV.¹
• (Deceased) Death*: James Bain White died in 1947 Found on a website about photography in Edinburgh: Postcard Publishers J B White Dundee Company History
  Alastair White, grandson of the founder of J B White Ltd, ran J B White & Co from the 1960s and later founded Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd.
  Alastair wrote:
  "I took over my grandfather's show from my father, kept 25 Dundee souls in employment for 30 years, then handed it over to the next generation."
  The brief history of J B White below has been compiled from notes provided by Alastair White and Andrew Cronshaw. Thanks to Alastair and Andrew for the helpful information.
  
  J B White & Co
  1900s
  James Bain White (1865-1947) founded J B White, printers, in 1892.
  In 1907, J B White Ltd:
  - established a printing works at 106 Cowgate, Dundee.
  - began to publish postcards in small numbers. These were views of Dundee, printed in colour in Saxony, possibly made from photos taken by James White. James' three children, Agnes, Janet and Thomas, appeared in these photos.
  These cards bore the trademark:
  - 'JBW - D' (in a shield) (1907-17) or
  - 'J B White Glossy Series (c.1908)
  In 1909, the firm became J B White & Co:
  
  Postcards published by Others
  1910s
  Around 1912, some of James White's views of Dundee and Angus were printed by Valentine & Sons Ltd.
  James copyrighted some of his images in 1916. These were then used by several companies including:
  - Philco Publishing Co, London
  - C P & Co, Glasgow
  - W J M, A
  - Malcolm C MacLeod, Dundee
  - Thomas Preston & CO, Dundee.
  However, J B White & Co's own postcard publishing stopped from around 1918 until 1921, possibly due to wartime shortages of paper and card.
  
  'Real Photo' Postcards
  1920s
  In 1922, J B White & Co began again to publish postcards. This time, they were sepia 'real photo' cards of Scotland, starting with Angus, Perthshire and Fife, and later moving on to Argyll, Inverness and Sutherland.
  These used photos taken by James White's son, Thomas, who had started working for the company a few years earlier at the age of 14.
  Thomas' cameras included:
  - a brass and mahogany quarter plate reflex camera with 36 metal 1/4-plate slides
  - a 10" x 8" wide angle plate camera with six plate holders, each holding two plates.
  Thomas developed and printed his own photos. These were retouched by J B White's postcard artist, James Hutton. Clouds were added to many of the views and sometimes people were moved from one image and superimposed on another.
  The retouched photographs were then sent to the Rotary Photographic Co Ltd, London, where they were re-photographed and made into postcard size negatives that were printed, 16 at a time.
  JB White & Co's trademark 'Best of All Series' was first used in 1926 and remained in use until 1966.
  
  More Cameras
  1930s and 1940s
  In the 1930s, Thomas White started using an Exacta camera.
  Around 1943 Thomas bought a compact 35mm Leica camera.
  
  Calendars and Postcards
  1940s
  The outbreak of war brought paper shortages and a fall in demand for postcards. The company diversified into calendars
  In the late 1940s and early 1950s, when colour photography and colour postcards were in the ascendancy, the company started producing:
  - colour topographical postcards by a process known at the time as 'hand colouring'. Colours were applied to some of the company's best-selling black-and-white cards, using stencils. Some of these cards use photos that were taken in the 1930s.
  - colour comic postcards from two former Valentine & Sons artists, James Hutton and Mr McGregor
  
  Guide Books and Postcards
  1950s
  In the 1950s, J B White & Co started publishing guide books, illustrated with their black and white photos.
  Thomas White's son, Alastair, started working for the Rotary Photographic Co, Middlesex, at the age of 17.
  Aged 18-22, he spent 4 years in the RAF's photographic section.
  He went on to join the family business in 1959, the same year that the company made is first colour postcards from transparencies.
  
  Postcard Publishing
  1960s
  The sepia postcards were phased out and replaced by black and white cards, but by the mid-1960s the quality of the photos were poor, these being taken by salesmen with cheap cameras.
  J B White were facing competition from:
  - J Arthur Dixon Ltd, Isle of Wight
  - Valentine & Sons Ltd, Dundee
  - W S Thomson Ltd, Fort William, later Glasgow, also Edinburgh.
  Alastair White tells me that he met W S Thomson once in the early 1960s and recognised him form the Jowet Javelin car he had at the time. It featured in one or two of W S Thomson's postcards. Alastair adds that he regarded W S Thomson's photography with Dixon's photogravure as representing a ground-breaking phase in postcard publishing.
  Takeover - 1
  J B White were not able to afford the cost of using colour photos until finance was provided in 1960 by Photo Precision Ltd, a company established by two RAF photo reconnaissance officers.
  in 1963, a few months before his death, Thomas White sold J B White & Co to Photo Precision Ltd.
  Following Thomas White's death, his son Alastair took control of the J B White & Co, under the management of Photo Precision Ltd. The company moved to Glenrothes, Fife in 1967, and over the next four years issued 2,000 different Scottish postcards.
  Photo Precision Ltd were only interested in the postcard side of the J B White & Co business, so Alastair White and Ken Holmes, former manager of J B White, started a new company, Whitehome (Publishers Ltd) to publish calendars.
  Takeover - 2
  Around 1969, Photo Precision Ltd was taken over by and renamed Colourmaster Ltd. The Glenrothes factory was closed and Scottish postcard production was moved to England. Alastair White moved back to Dundee.
  
  Whiteholme Postcards
  1970s
  In 1974, Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd bought Charles Skilton's range of postcards.
  Charles Skilton had Previously (in 1970) bought all the remaining stock of Scottish postcards published by Valentine & Sons Ltd, when they stopped publishing postcards.
  This enabled Whiteholme to start publishing postcards.
  
  More Postcard Assets acquired
  1980 Onwards
  In 1982, Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd bought the Scottish postcard assets of Millar & Laing Ltd, Glasgow, on their liquidation.
  In 1994, Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd bought the stock of Dundee publisher, David Whyte Ltd, on his liquidation.
  Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd continued to publish postcards from their premises in Dundee. Alastair White retired in 2002 and the business passed to his son, Duncan, who had been the firm's photographer.
  Unfortunately, Whiteholme (Publishers) Ltd went into liquidation at the end of 2005 (but see UPDATE below).
  
  UPDATE
  Thank you to David Notley who wrote to tell me that Whiteholme had passed successfully into new ownership and is continuing to publish a range of Scottish products including Calendars and notecards.
  David Notley; Judges Postcards Ltd, St Leonards on Sea, East Sussex: July 18, 2007
  
  Acknowledgements
  The details above were provided by:
  - Alastair White (J B White, Dundee) AND
  - Andrew Cronshaw (Picture Postcard Monthly)
  from an illustrated article titled 'J B White of Dundee' published in Picture Postcard Monthly, in October 1994.⁴
  

Census & Directory Entries

Member of Household	5 April 1891	They was listed as a member of the household of John White and Janet Bain in the 1891 census at 35 Lawrence Street, Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, . James White, son, 26, printer compositior, Dundee; John White, head, 51, mechanic jute, Dundee; Janet White, wife, 51, Dundee.2
Head of Household	31 March 1901	He was listed as head of household along with spouse Christina Sime in the 1901 census at 262 Perth Road, Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, . James Bain White, head, 36, master printer, Dundee; Christina White, wife, 37, England; also in the household were Thomas Sime White.5
Principal	1909	James Bain White appeared in a directory of 1909 living at 106 Cowgate, Dundee, Scotland, .6
Principal	between 1911 and 1912	He appeared in a directory of between 1911 and 1912 living at 312 Blackness Road, Dundee, Forfarshire, Scotland, ; J B White Ltd, general printers, wholesale and manufacturing stationers, The Ideal Printing Works, 106 Cowgate.7